Machines for additive manufacturing
In plain English
This category includes machines that create objects by depositing material layer by layer. The specific type of machine is determined by the substance it uses, such as metal, plastic, rubber, plaster, cement, ceramics, or glass. If the machine uses a different material not listed above, it falls into a separate group. The category also covers parts designed for these additive manufacturing machines.
6-digit subheadings (5)
Official HS 2022 subheading texts. National tariff schedules subdivide these further (8-10 digit lines) and set the actual duty rates.
8485.10
Machines for additive manufacturing; by metal deposit
8485.20
Machines for additive manufacturing; by plastic or rubber deposit
8485.30
Machines for additive manufacturing; by plaster, cement, ceramics or glass deposit
8485.80
Machines for additive manufacturing; by other than metal, plastic, rubber, plaster, cement, ceramics or glass deposits
8485.90
Machines for additive manufacturing; parts
Chapter 84 classification notes
One of the largest chapters by trade value. Many IT products duty-free under the ITA (Information Technology Agreement). Dual-use export controls apply to certain machinery. Parts often classified under the same heading as the complete machine.
Frequent misclassification in this chapter
Many importers confuse Chapter 84 (mechanical) and Chapter 85 (electrical). A device with both elements usually classifies by principal function. Computer peripherals may classify separately from the computer itself.
Classification certainty
The 6-digit level shown here is the internationally harmonised layer. Duty rates attach to national 8-10 digit tariff lines, which differ by country — use the duty calculator for lane estimates. For binding certainty, request a ruling from the destination customs authority.
Binding tariff ruling databaseOther headings in Chapter 84
- 8401 — Nuclear reactors; fuel elements (cartridges), non-irradiated, for nucl…
- 8402 — Boilers; steam or other vapour generating (other than central heating …
- 8403 — Central heating boilers; excluding those of heading no. 8402
- 8404 — Auxiliary plant for use with boilers of heading no. 8402 or 8403; e.g.…
- 8405 — Generators for producer or water gas with or without their purifiers a…
- 8406 — Turbines; steam and other vapour turbines
- 8407 — Reciprocating or rotary internal combustion piston engines
- 8408 — Compression-ignition internal combustion piston engines (diesel or sem…
- 8409 — Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the engines of headi…
- 8410 — Turbines; hydraulic water wheels and regulators therefor
- 8411 — Turbo-jets, turbo-propellers and other gas turbines
- 8412 — Engines and motors; n.e.c. (e.g. reaction engines, hydraulic power eng…
- 8413 — Pumps; for liquids, whether or not fitted with measuring device, liqui…
- 8414 — Air or vacuum pumps, air or other gas compressors and fans; ventilatin…
- 8415 — Air conditioning machines; comprising a motor driven fan and elements …
- 8416 — Furnace burners for liquid fuel, for pulverised solid fuel or for gas;…
- 8417 — Furnaces and ovens; industrial or laboratory, including incinerators, …
- 8418 — Refrigerators, freezers and other refrigerating or freezing equipment,…
- 8419 — Machinery, plant (not domestic), or laboratory equipment; electrically…
- 8420 — Machines; calendering or other rolling machines, for other than metal …
- 8421 — Centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers; filtering or purifying mach…
- 8422 — Dish washing machines; machinery for cleaning, drying, filling, closin…
- 8423 — Weighing machines; excluding balances of a sensitivity of 5cg or bette…
- 8424 — Mechanical appliances for projecting, dispersing or spraying liquids o…
- 8425 — Pulley tackle and hoists other than skip hoists; winches and capstans;…
- 8426 — Derricks, cranes, including cable cranes, mobile lifting frames, strad…
- 8427 — Fork-lift and other works trucks; fitted with lifting or handling equi…
- 8428 — Lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery; n.e.c. in heading n…
- 8429 — Bulldozers, graders, levellers, scrapers, angledozers, mechanical shov…
- 8430 — Moving, grading, levelling, scraping, excavating, tamping, compacting,…
- 8431 — Machinery parts; used solely or principally with the machinery of head…
- 8432 — Agricultural, horticultural or forestry machinery for soil preparation…
- 8433 — Harvesting and threshing machinery, straw and fodder balers, grass or …
- 8434 — Milking machines and dairy machinery
- 8435 — Presses, crushers and similar machinery; used in the manufacture of wi…
- 8436 — Agricultural, horticultural, forestry, poultry-keeping, bee-keeping ma…
- 8437 — Machines for cleaning, sorting, grading seed, grain, dried leguminous …
- 8438 — Machinery n.e.c. in this chapter, for the industrial preparation or ma…
- 8439 — Machinery; for making pulp of fibrous cellulosic material, or for maki…
- 8440 — Book-binding machinery; including book-sewing machines
- 8441 — Machines; for making up paper pulp, paper or paperboard, including cut…
- 8442 — Machinery, apparatus and equipment (excluding machines of headings 845…
- 8443 — Printing machinery; used for printing by means of plates, cylinders an…
- 8444 — Textile machinery; for extruding, drawing, texturing or cutting man-ma…
- 8445 — Textile machinery; spinning, doubling, twisting machines, textile reel…
- 8446 — Weaving machines (looms)
- 8447 — Knitting machines, stitch-bonding machines and machines for making gim…
- 8448 — Machinery, auxiliary; for use with machines of heading no. 8444 to 844…
- 8449 — Machinery; for manufacture or finishing felt or non-wovens in the piec…
- 8450 — Household or laundry-type washing machines; including machines which b…
- 8451 — Machinery (not of heading no. 8450) for washing, cleaning, wringing, d…
- 8452 — Sewing machines; other than book-sewing machines of heading no. 8440; …
- 8453 — Machinery for preparing, tanning or working hides, skins or leather or…
- 8454 — Converters, ladles, ingot moulds and casting machines; of a kind used …
- 8455 — Metal-rolling mills and rolls therefor
- 8456 — Machine-tools; for working any material by removal of material, by las…
- 8457 — Machining centres, unit construction machines (single station) and mul…
- 8458 — Lathes for removing metal
- 8459 — Machine-tools; (including way-type unit head machines) for drilling, b…
- 8460 — Machine-tools; for deburring, sharpening, grinding, honing, lapping, p…
- 8461 — Machine-tools; for planing, shaping, slotting, broaching, gear cutting…
- 8462 — Machine-tools (including presses) for working metal by forging, hammer…
- 8463 — Machine-tools; n.e.c. for working metal, sintered metal carbides or ce…
- 8464 — Machine-tools; for working stone, ceramics, concrete, asbestos-cement …
- 8465 — Machine-tools; (including machines for nailing, stapling, glueing or o…
- 8466 — Parts & accessories suited for use only/mainly with machines of headin…
- 8467 — Tools; for working in the hand, pneumatic, hydraulic or with self-cont…
- 8468 — Machinery and apparatus for soldering, brazing, welding, whether or no…
- 8470 — Calculating machines and pocket-size data recording, reproducing and d…
- 8471 — Automatic data processing machines and units thereof, magnetic or opti…
- 8472 — Office machines; not elsewhere classified
- 8473 — Machinery; parts and accessories (other than covers, carrying cases an…
- 8474 — Machinery for sorting, screening, separating, washing, crushing, grind…
- 8475 — Machines; for assembling electric or electronic lamps, tubes, valves, …
- 8476 — Automatic goods-vending machines (e.g. postage stamp, cigarette, food …
- 8477 — Machinery; for working rubber or plastics or for the manufacture of pr…
- 8478 — Machinery; for preparing or making up tobacco, n.e.c. in this chapter
- 8479 — Machinery and mechanical appliances; having individual functions, n.e.…
- 8480 — Moulding boxes for metal foundry, moulding patterns, moulds for metals…
- 8481 — Taps, cocks, valves and similar appliances for pipes, boiler shells, t…
- 8482 — Ball or roller bearings
- 8483 — Transmission shafts (including cam and crank) and cranks; bearing hous…
- 8484 — Gaskets and similar joints of metal sheeting combined with other mater…
- 8486 — Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the ma…
- 8487 — Machinery parts; not containing electrical connectors, insulators, coi…